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February 10, 2004

The Great Divide

I can not urge you strongly enough to go read Donald Sensing's blog today, for his discussion of The Great Christian Divide. Sensing, I believe, has accurately explained the primary division in the Christian world, at least in the United States, as a matter not of liberal versus conservative but "between those who believe themselves born again in Christ and those who don't so believe."

Sensing responds to a commentary in the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette by a Presbyterian pastor, N.Graham Standish, who writes:

Each side is sincerely trying to be true to their biblical foundations. One side follows the biblical ideals of the Great Command (progressives), the other the biblical ideals of the Great Commission (evangelicals).
That's not quite right, says Sensing.
The Great Command is to love your neighbor as yourself; the Great Commission is the preach the Gospel to all the world. Christians who emphasize the Command gravitate toward matters relating to compassion and justice. Christians who emphasize the Commission gravitate toward missions and working for conversion of non-Christians.

... This description is somewhat superficial. There is a bipolar opposition in Christian churches, but this isn't. Standish also implies rather strongly that evangelicals aren't interested in matter of social justice. But they are. In fact, they are much more likely to endure [in] such matters than non-evangelicals.

Sensing cites an article in the Fall 1978 Journal of Psychology and Theology, titled "Conversion Experience, Belief System, and Personal and Ethical Attitudes," that compared survey results between persons who said they were Christians and those who said they are not, and between Christians by category - born again v. ethical belief system.
The study defined "born again" Christians as "those who profess a personal saving relationship with Christ," and ethical as "those who profess to follow Christian teachings as primary." ... The researchers wrote they expected the ethical Christians would score higher on the Social Interest Survey, motivated primarily by Christ's ethical teachings. It was not so. "The born again group scored higher in social interest in both age groups studied, even though they are primarily committed to the person of Christ and secondarily committed to the ethics [of Christ]. These results support the notion that born again commitment fosters greater internalization of Christian ethics."

Other significant points this study uncovered were that born again commitment is more likely to mature over a person's life than the ethical type and that "an intense, mature and personal religious commitment fosters a sense of purpose in life and a greater concern for the welfare of others."

I've always wondered why self-professed Christians who don't accept that Jesus was God in the flesh, that he really was crucified on a Roman cross, and really was resurrected, bother to wake up early and go to church on Sundays. They reject Jesus' own claims about himself - they believe him a liar - yet participate in the religious activities because they like his ethics? I'm rather simplistic about things. Seems to me if Jesus lied, I'm sleeping in. But I don't believe he lied. I believe he died and was raised again. And I believe faith in him and what he did on the cross saves the believer and the believer who truly believes and understands what Jesus did for him or her can not help but treat other human beings ethically and compassionately, as Jesus did.

You do not earn your salvation by ethical living, doing good to others, and keeping God's commands. You live ethically, do good, and try to keep God's commands because you have been saved by grace.

UPDATE: Here's an excerpt from the text of a sermon preached at my church last Sunday, that seems relevant.

Into that world came Jesus of Nazareth. He talked less about temple and synagogue than the kingdom of God. He made no fuss over the things that had seemed so important to the priests - diet and ritual, tithing and dress – except to get in trouble occasionally by violating their expectations. Yet he seemed to be joyous and happy in his own spiritual life. He laughed. Told funny stories and illustrations. He seemed so natural and easy in his manner that people flocked to see him, listen to him, and ask him questions.

Jesus attacked some of the ideas about righteousness that held sway in his time. He said that a lot of what was passing for righteousness was only shallow, external performance - such as doing acts of piety (e.g., charity, prayer, fasting) “in order to be seen by others” (Matt. 6:1ff). He seemed to think that far too much of the religion of his time focused on public events that would draw attention to the people involved rather than change anybody’s depraved character or damaged relationships.

Jesus talked instead about the deep motives behind behaviors. He seemed to set a standard so high that even the scribes and Pharisees - the people who were best at living the righteousness so highly valued in his culture - were driven to despair just contemplating it. He talked about poverty of spirit, purity of heart, hungering and thirsting for a righteousness that would satisfy to the depths of one’s being. He talked about mercy rather than judgment. Why, he even talked about being joyous in the face of Roman occupation, insults, or jail - on his account! So some of the people who heard him thought he was dangerous. Or crazy. Or both!

Others sensed he was talking about something they had always yearned for. So Pharisees like Nicodemus and Joseph of Arimathea perked up and listened. And many, many more “common people” who had been jumping through the hoops of Judaism only to long for something more heard him with absolute fascination. They thronged to hear him. Men and women were captivated by what he said. They had been going to the Old Mother Hubbard’s cupboard of institutional religion only to find it empty. When Jesus told them there was a type of righteousness above and beyond anything the scribes and Pharisees understood, they sensed he knew what he was talking about. They sensed he was onto something they wanted for themselves. They glimpsed in Jesus that joy and peace – rather than anxiety, judgment, and despair - could be genuine companions to righteousness.

When the audio is available online, I'll link to that as well.

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Comments

You live ethically, do good, and try to keep God's commands because you have been saved by grace.

Surely you're not suggesting that people who aren't "saved by grace" can't also live ethically, do good, and try to keep God's commands?

Posted by: dave at February 10, 2004 07:24 AM

Of coure not. I'm merely suggesting a reversal of cause and effect - that good works and ethical living and following God's commands do not earn salvation, they flow out of gratitude of having been saved.

I grew up in a Christian tradition that teaches a works-based salvation. You must follow a five-step plan to gain salvation, and then keep it via doing good works and avoiding sin. If you mess up, you're in danger of hell unless you remember to ask forgiveness of God in a prayer.

But, as I happily realized a decade or so ago, I can't earn salvation via good works and keeping the law - there's no sacrament that saves, no checklist of good works that add up sufficient "heaven points," and no ammount of law-keeping and sin-avoiding that merits salvation.

Salvation is an act of grace on the part of God, period. I can accept it or reject it. But I can't earn it.

And once I've accepted it by accepting Jesus as my savior - accepting that what He did on the cross is enough - I don't then go out and live an evil life. I live the way God intended me to live in response to the gift he gave me.

It's a very freeing realization that salvation is a gift, not a reward for theological, traditional or ethical perfection. You stop looking at others who also are Christ-followers and judging whether they have done enough of the right things, believe enough of the right doctrines, keep enough of the right traditions, and avoid enough of the bad, to be considered your brothers in sisters in Christ. You see others who claim Christ and realize they are like you - imperfect sinners who are saved.

Posted by: Bill Hobbs at February 10, 2004 08:55 AM

I grew up in Baton Rouge. For those not familiar with our religious demographics, Baton Rouge is somewhat of a dividing line: Louisiana south of the Baton Rouge, all the way to the Gulf coast, is overwhelmingly Catholic. Louisiana north of Baton Rouge, right on into Arkansas, is overwhelmingly Protestant. Baton Rouge itself is a hodgepodge of both. (Accents, incidentally, correspond. It gets more Cajun the further south you go, and more Gomer Pyle the further north you go.)

I was raised in a hardcore, fire and brimstone Southern Baptist church, complete with a bright red, sweaty screaming preacher. (And that church was considered moderate compared to some of the Pentacostal outfits to the north). I was told all the Catholics were going to burn in Hay-yuhl, because they thought their works would get them into heaven but they hadn't "got saved" by the blood of Jay-zuss. My Catholic friends, however, told me that it was all of us "crazy born-agains" who would be eternally roasting, for we were not members of The One True Church™. (sounds oddly like a cellular calling plan to me)

While I've grown fed up with religion in general, I do tend to agree with your position that, if Chritianity really is the way to salvation, and if you analyze its teachings, then some folks are a bit too focused on good works as a means of getting into Heaven. I'm still not clear about one thing, though:

"...good works and ethical living and following God's commands do not earn salvation, they flow out of gratitude of having been saved."

From where do you figure these things flow when they are done by the un-saved? Or do you simply mean people are MORE motivated to do these things after they get saved?

(Bill- I'm really not trying to be antagonistic, so I apologize if my question is coming off that way)

Posted by: dave at February 10, 2004 09:53 AM

I've always wondered why self-professed Christians who don't accept that Jesus was God in the flesh, that he really was crucified on a Roman cross, and really was resurrected, bother to wake up early and go to church on Sundays. They reject Jesus' own claims about himself - they believe him a liar - yet participate in the religious activities because they like his ethics?

I am sorry but we have no idea as to what Jesus himself actually professed in his own words. Nobody could possibly call Jesus a liar. Perhaps Paul was a liar. Perhaps the Roman Senators who met in Nicea in the 4th century were liars, but certainly not Jesus

Posted by: Zen at February 10, 2004 10:45 AM

Dave - I meant "more" motivated. Clearly there are atheists who live ethical lives and do good works and may even keep - coincicidentally rather than intentionally - some of God's commands.

Zen: Jesus claimed to be the son of God, and claimed, after his resurrection, to be ascending to sit at the right hand of God. He made MANY claims about himself in the Bible.

Posted by: Bill at February 10, 2004 11:08 AM

Did Jesus make these claims or did the authors of the New Testament (and the Coucil of Nicea) make these claims about Jesus?

Posted by: Zen at February 10, 2004 12:31 PM

I've always believed that all human goodness and kindness flows from the love of God. God is the source of goodness, not just its cheerleader.

Christians recognize the source; agnostics and other non-Christians may be very, very good and kind people, yet reject where those emotions come from (for whatever reason).

Posted by: Barry at February 10, 2004 12:59 PM

Zen raises a good point. We know about Jesus because of what other's did and said. The reason I trust them to be mostly right is that many were quite willing to die for what they believed in. And not for the promise of rivers of wine and 72 virgins. They did what they did because they believed hat He died, was buried, and raised from the dead three days later, and met with some of them. They showed a willingness of faith that convinces me today that they weren't lying, or doing things for their own benefit. If Jesus didn't raise from the dead, why then did Peter and the others decide to carry the word of God to other Jews, despite the resistance from the leaders of the time? Why did they eventually try and tell the good news to the Gentiles? Why did they risk, and face, death if they didn't actually believe the words they were preaching? To me, their actions demonstrate that they knew, not just felt, but knew, that death was not the end, that there was in fact something after. It is by the faith of others that I first understood its true meaning.

As for Salvation, that is something that we should be careful about. In the Bible, there was some doubt about it, or at least debate. As for me, I think that we each have our own way to salvation. For some the good deeds are easy, but the faith is hard. For other the faith is easy, but the good deeds are hard. We can but trust in this: God loves us, was willing to suffer death for us, and will judge with mercy those who do what they can.

Posted by: FH at February 10, 2004 01:03 PM

I said years ago that Jesus was one of three things: 1) a charlatan, 2) a fruitcake or 3) who He says He is. There's no middle ground, here. The idea that some folks push that He was a "great prophet" is nuts; no prophet claims to be God incarnate. I found out just a few weeks ago that C.S. Lewis made a similar observation years ago.

Given that, I have to agree with Bill (and Rev. Sensing). Church is just another social group for a lot of people.

Posted by: Michael Chaney at February 10, 2004 11:10 PM

I'm of the opinion that doing good works is part of being born again.

I'm also of the opinion that some of the things Jesus is reputed to have said were either attributed to him, or wrong.

So a question: By concentrating on Jesus' divinity are we giving short shrift to his message?

Posted by: Alan Kellogg at February 11, 2004 12:10 AM

Why is it not possible that we are all equally children of the Almighty and that Jesus was himself a great teacher of morality who has been deified by those with political agendas (i.e. Paul and the evangelicals)?

As for salvation, that is in the hands of the Almighty. No man or woman has the power to determine who is fit or unfit for eternal reward. I have known many Buddhists, Hindus and Muslims of remarkable moral fortitude-and just as many judgemental Christians who call themselves saved, and then behave as if they have no moral obligations to their fellow mankind.

Posted by: zen at February 11, 2004 06:14 AM
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